Hanyar hakar
A cikin shekarun 1950 zuwa 1960, kasashe da dama a duniya, ciki har da kasar Sin, sun fi fitar da peptides daga sassan jikin dabbobi.Misali, ana shirya allurar thymosin ta hanyar yanka ɗan maraƙi, a cire thymus ɗinsa, sannan a yi amfani da fasahar keɓancewa da keɓaɓɓu don ware peptides daga ɗan maraƙi.Ana amfani da wannan thymosin sosai don daidaitawa da haɓaka aikin rigakafi na salula a cikin ɗan adam.
Ana rarraba peptides na halitta bioactive a ko'ina.Akwai wadataccen peptides na bioactive a cikin dabbobi, shuke-shuke da halittun ruwa a cikin yanayi, waɗanda ke yin ayyuka iri-iri na ilimin lissafi kuma suna kula da ayyukan rayuwa na yau da kullun.Wadannan peptides na halitta na halitta sun haɗa da metabolites na biyu na kwayoyin halitta kamar maganin rigakafi da hormones, da kuma peptides na bioactive da ke cikin tsarin nama daban-daban.
A halin yanzu, yawancin peptides na bioactive an keɓe su daga ɗan adam, dabba, shuka, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin ruwa.Duk da haka, ana samun peptides na bioactive gabaɗaya a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma dabarun da ake amfani da su na keɓewa da tsarkakewar peptides daga ƙwayoyin halitta ba cikakke ba ne, tare da tsada mai tsada da ƙarancin rayuwa.
Hanyoyin da aka saba amfani da su don hakar peptide da rabuwa sun hada da salting fita, ultrafiltration, gel tacewa, isoelectric batu hazo, ion musayar chromatography, affinity chromatography, adsorption chromatography, gel electrophoresis, da dai sauransu Babban hasara shi ne hadaddun na aiki da kuma high cost.
Hanyar tushen acid
Acid da alkali hydrolysis galibi ana amfani da su a cibiyoyin gwaji, amma ba kasafai ake amfani da su a aikin samarwa ba.A cikin aiwatar da alkaline hydrolysis na sunadaran, yawancin amino acid irin su serine da threonine sun lalace, tseren tsere yana faruwa, kuma an rasa adadi mai yawa na abubuwan gina jiki.Saboda haka, wannan hanya da wuya a yi amfani da shi wajen samarwa.Acid hydrolysis na sunadarai ba ya haifar da racemization na amino acid, hydrolysis ne m da kuma dauki ne cikakke.Koyaya, rashin amfanin sa shine hadaddun fasaha, kulawa mai wahala da mummunar gurbatar muhalli.Rarraba nauyin kwayoyin halitta na peptides ba daidai ba ne kuma maras kyau, kuma ayyukan ilimin lissafin su yana da wuya a ƙayyade.
Enzymatic hydrolysis
Yawancin peptides na bioactive ana samun su a cikin dogayen sarƙoƙi na sunadaran a cikin yanayin rashin aiki.Lokacin da wani takamaiman protease ya sanya hydrolyzed, peptide mai aiki yana fitowa daga jerin amino ɗin sunadaran.Hakar Enzymatic na peptides bioactive daga dabbobi, shuke-shuke da halittun ruwa ya kasance abin da aka mayar da hankali kan bincike a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Enzymatic hydrolysis na bioactive peptides shine zaɓi na proteases masu dacewa, ta amfani da sunadaran a matsayin substrates da hydrolyzing sunadaran don samun adadi mai yawa na peptides na bioactive tare da ayyuka daban-daban na ilimin lissafi.A cikin tsarin samarwa, yawan zafin jiki, ƙimar PH, ƙaddamarwar enzyme, ƙaddamarwar substrate da sauran abubuwa suna da alaƙa da tasirin enzymatic hydrolysis na ƙananan peptides, kuma maɓallin shine zaɓin enzyme.Saboda daban-daban enzymes da aka yi amfani da su don enzymatic hydrolysis, zaɓi da kuma samar da enzymes, da kuma nau'o'in furotin daban-daban, sakamakon peptides ya bambanta sosai a cikin taro, rarraba nauyin kwayoyin halitta, da amino acid abun da ke ciki.Yawanci mutum yakan zabi abubuwan da ake amfani da su na dabba, irin su pepsin da trypsin, da furotin na shuka, irin su bromelain da papain.Tare da haɓakar kimiyya da fasaha da ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar enzyme na halitta, za a gano ƙarin ƙwayoyin enzymes da amfani da su.Enzymatic hydrolysis an yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin shirye-shiryen na bioactive peptides saboda balagagge fasaha da kuma low zuba jari.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-30-2023